进入正题

环境说明:JDK1.8、SpringBoot

准备环节

第一步:在pom.xml中引入HttpClient的依赖

第二步:引入fastjson依赖

注:本人引入此依赖的目的是,在后续示例中,会用到“将对象转化为json字符串的功能”,也可以引其他有此功能的依赖。

注:SpringBoot的基本依赖配置,这里就不再多说了。

详细使用示例

声明:此示例中,以;也是以JAVA接收的(在controller里面接收的)。

声明:下面的代码,本人亲测有效。

GET无参:

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doGetTestOne() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new

HttpGet("http://localhost:12345/doGetControllerOne");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

GET有参(方式一:直接拼接URL):

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doGetTestWayOne() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 参数

StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();

try {

//

字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来,某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)

params.append("name=" + URLEncoder.encode("&",

"utf-8"));

params.append("&");

params.append("age=24");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

// 创建Get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new

HttpGet("http://localhost:12345/doGetControllerTwo" + "?" +

params);

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 配置信息

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectTimeout(5000)

// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setSocketTimeout(5000)

// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)

.setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();

// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里

httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

GET有参(方式二:使用URI获得HttpGet):

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doGetTestWayTwo() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 参数

URI uri = null;

try {

// 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中

List params = new

ArrayList<>();

params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name",

"&"));

params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("age", "18"));

// 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;

// 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String

value)

uri = new

URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost")

.setPort(12345).setPath("/doGetControllerTwo")

.setParameters(params).build();

} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

// 创建Get请求

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 配置信息

RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()

// 设置连接超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectTimeout(5000)

// 设置请求超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)

// socket读写超时时间(单位毫秒)

.setSocketTimeout(5000)

// 设置是否允许重定向(默认为true)

.setRedirectsEnabled(true).build();

// 将上面的配置信息 运用到这个Get请求里

httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

POST无参:

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doPostTestOne() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new

HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerOne");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

POST有参(普通参数):

注:POST传递普通参数时,方式与GET一样即可,这里以直接在url后缀上参数的方式示例。

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doPostTestFour() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 参数

StringBuffer params = new StringBuffer();

try {

//

字符数据最好encoding以下;这样一来,某些特殊字符才能传过去(如:某人的名字就是“&”,不encoding的话,传不过去)

params.append("name=" + URLEncoder.encode("&",

"utf-8"));

params.append("&");

params.append("age=24");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

// 创建Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new

HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerFour" + "?" +

params);

//

设置ContentType(注:如果只是传普通参数的话,ContentType不一定非要用application/json)

httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type",

"application/json;charset=utf8");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

POST有参(对象参数):

先给出User类

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doPostTestTwo() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Post请求

HttpPost httpPost = new

HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerTwo");

User user = new User();

user.setName("潘晓婷");

user.setAge(18);

user.setGender("女");

user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");

// 我这里利用阿里的fastjson,将Object转换为json字符串;

// (需要导入com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON包)

String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);

StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString,

"UTF-8");

// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中

httpPost.setEntity(entity);

httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type",

"application/json;charset=utf8");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

POST有参(普通参数 + 对象参数):

注:POST传递普通参数时,方式与GET一样即可,这里以通过URI获得HttpPost的方式为例。

先给出User类:

HttpClient发送示例:

@Test

public void doPostTestThree() {

// 获得Http客户端(可以理解为:你得先有一个浏览器;注意:实际上HttpClient与浏览器是不一样的)

CloseableHttpClient httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

// 创建Post请求

// 参数

URI uri = null;

try {

// 将参数放入键值对类NameValuePair中,再放入集合中

List params = new

ArrayList<>();

params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("flag", "4"));

params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("meaning", "这是什么鬼?"));

// 设置uri信息,并将参数集合放入uri;

// 注:这里也支持一个键值对一个键值对地往里面放setParameter(String key, String

value)

uri = new

URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost").setPort(12345)

.setPath("/doPostControllerThree").setParameters(params).build();

} catch (URISyntaxException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);

// HttpPost httpPost = new

//

HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/doPostControllerThree1");

// 创建user参数

User user = new User();

user.setName("潘晓婷");

user.setAge(18);

user.setGender("女");

user.setMotto("姿势要优雅~");

// 将user对象转换为json字符串,并放入entity中

StringEntity entity = new

StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(user), "UTF-8");

// post请求是将参数放在请求体里面传过去的;这里将entity放入post请求体中

httpPost.setEntity(entity);

httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type",

"application/json;charset=utf8");

// 响应模型

CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

try {

// 由客户端执行(发送)Post请求

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 从响应模型中获取响应实体

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if (responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

System.out.println("响应内容为:" +

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null) {

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

对应接收示例:

对评论区关注度较高的问题进行相关补充:

提示:如果想要知道完整的具体的代码及测试细节,可去下面给的项目代码托管链接,将项目clone下来

进行观察。如果需要运行测试,可以先启动该SpringBoot项目,然后再运行相关test方法,进行

测试。

解决响应乱码问题(示例):

进行HTTPS请求并进行(或不进行)证书校验(示例):

使用示例:

相关方法详情(非完美封装):

private CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient(boolean isHttps)

{

CloseableHttpClient

httpClient;

if (isHttps) {

SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;

try

{

/// 如果不作证书校验的话

sslSocketFactory =

getSocketFactory(false, null, null);

/// 如果需要证书检验的话

// 证书

//InputStream ca =

this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("client/ds.crt");

// 证书的别名,即:key。

注:cAalias只需要保证唯一即可,不过推荐使用生成keystore时使用的别名。

// String cAalias =

System.currentTimeMillis() + "" + new

SecureRandom().nextInt(1000);

//sslSocketFactory =

getSocketFactory(true, ca, cAalias);

}

catch (Exception e) {

throw new

RuntimeException(e);

}

httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().setSSLSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory).build();

return httpClient;

}

httpClient =

HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

return httpClient;

}

private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory

getSocketFactory(boolean needVerifyCa, InputStream caInputStream,

String cAalias)

throws CertificateException, NoSuchAlgorithmException,

KeyStoreException,

IOException, KeyManagementException {

X509TrustManager

x509TrustManager;

// https请求,需要校验证书

if (needVerifyCa) {

KeyStore keyStore = getKeyStore(caInputStream, cAalias);

TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory =

TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);

TrustManager[] trustManagers =

trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();

if

(trustManagers.length != 1 || !(trustManagers[0] instanceof

X509TrustManager)) {

throw new

IllegalStateException("Unexpected default trust managers:" +

Arrays.toString(trustManagers));

}

x509TrustManager = (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0];

//

这里传TLS或SSL其实都可以的

SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");

sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, new

SecureRandom());

return new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);

}

// https请求,不作证书校验

x509TrustManager = new

X509TrustManager() {

@Override

public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)

{

}

@Override

public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)

{

// 不验证

}

@Override

public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {

return new

X509Certificate[0];

}

};

SSLContext sslContext =

SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");

sslContext.init(null, new

TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager}, new SecureRandom());

return new

SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);

}

private static KeyStore getKeyStore(InputStream caInputStream,

String cAalias)

throws KeyStoreException, CertificateException, IOException,

NoSuchAlgorithmException{

// 证书工厂

CertificateFactory

certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");

// 秘钥仓库

KeyStore keyStore =

KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

keyStore.load(null);

keyStore.setCertificateEntry(cAalias,

certificateFactory.generateCertificate(caInputStream));

return keyStore;

}

application/x-www-form-urlencoded表单请求(示例):

发送文件(示例):

准备工作:

如果想要灵活方便的传输文件的话,除了引入org.apache.httpcomponents基本的httpclient依赖外再额外引入org.apache.httpcomponents的httpmime依赖。

P.S.:即便不引入httpmime依赖,也是能传输文件的,不过功能不够强大。

在pom.xml中额外引入:

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpmime

4.5.5

发送端是这样的:

@Test

public void test4() {

CloseableHttpClient

httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

HttpPost httpPost = new

HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/file");

CloseableHttpResponse

response = null;

try {

MultipartEntityBuilder multipartEntityBuilder =

MultipartEntityBuilder.create();

//

第一个文件

String filesKey = "files";

File

file1 = new File("C:\\Users\\JustryDeng\\Desktop\\back.jpg");

multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody(filesKey, file1);

//

第二个文件(多个文件的话,使用同一个key就行,后端用数组或集合进行接收即可)

File

file2 = new File("C:\\Users\\JustryDeng\\Desktop\\头像.jpg");

//

防止服务端收到的文件名乱码。

我们这里可以先将文件名URLEncode,然后服务端拿到文件名时在URLDecode。就能避免乱码问题。

//

文件名其实是放在请求头的Content-Disposition里面进行传输的,如其值为form-data; name="files";

filename="头像.jpg"

multipartEntityBuilder.addBinaryBody(filesKey, file2,

ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY, URLEncoder.encode(file2.getName(),

"utf-8"));

//

其它参数(注:自定义contentType,设置UTF-8是为了防止服务端拿到的参数出现乱码)

ContentType contentType = ContentType.create("text/plain",

Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("name", "邓沙利文",

contentType);

multipartEntityBuilder.addTextBody("age", "25", contentType);

HttpEntity httpEntity = multipartEntityBuilder.build();

httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("HTTPS响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if

(responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

// 主动设置编码,来防止响应乱码

String responseStr =

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容为:" +

responseStr);

}

} catch (ParseException |

IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try

{

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null)

{

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

@Test

public void test5() {

CloseableHttpClient

httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

HttpPost httpPost = new

HttpPost("http://localhost:12345/is?name=邓沙利文");

CloseableHttpResponse

response = null;

try {

InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream("流啊流~".getBytes());

InputStreamEntity ise = new InputStreamEntity(is);

httpPost.setEntity(ise);

response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("HTTPS响应状态为:" + response.getStatusLine());

if

(responseEntity != null) {

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容长度为:" +

responseEntity.getContentLength());

// 主动设置编码,来防止响应乱码

String responseStr =

EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

System.out.println("HTTPS响应内容为:" +

responseStr);

}

} catch (ParseException |

IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try

{

// 释放资源

if (httpClient != null)

{

httpClient.close();

}

if (response != null) {

response.close();

}

}

catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

再次提示:如果想要自己进行测试,可去下面给的项目代码托管链接,将项目clone下来,然后先启动该

SpringBoot项目,然后再运行相关test方法,进行测试。

工具类提示:使用HttpClient时,可以视情况将其写为工具类。如:Github上Star非常多的一个HttpClient

的工具类是httpclientutil。本人在这里也推荐使用该工具类,因为该工具类的编写者封装了

很多功能在里面,如果不是有什么特殊的需求的话,完全可以不用造轮子,可以直接使用

该工具类。使用方式很简单,可详见https://github.com/Arronlong/httpclientutil。

^_^ 如有不当之处,欢迎指正

^_^ 代码托管链接

https://github.com/JustryDeng/P.../Abc_HttpClientDemo

^_^ 本文已经被收录进《程序员成长笔记(五)》,作者JustryDeng

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